sexta-feira, setembro 16

Falar mais de uma língua pode evitar sequelas de AVC, sugere estudo





Falar mais de uma língua não traz apenas benefícios culturais. Segundo um estudo recente feito na Universidade de Edimburgo, na Escócia, ser bilíngue pode ajudar pacientes a se recuperarem melhor de um AVC (acidente vascular cerebral).

A pesquisa foi feita com 600 pessoas que foram vítimas de AVC – o resultado mostrou que 40,5% das que falavam mais de uma língua ficaram sem sequelas mentais; entre as que falavam apenas uma língua, só 19,6% ficaram sem sequelas.

 Os pesquisadores acreditam que o estudo, que foi financiado pelo Conselho Indiano de Pesquisa Médica, sugere que o desafio mental de falar vários idiomas pode aumentar nossa reserva cognitiva – habilidade que o cérebro tem para lidar com influências prejudiciais, como AVC ou demência.

O estudo – divulgado na publicação científica American Heart Association – também levou em consideração idade dos pacientes, se eles eram fumantes ou não, se tinham pressão alta e se eram diabéticos.

Resultados:

De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, a habilidade bilíngue teria um papel “protetor” no desenvolvimento de qualquer disfunção cognitiva após um AVC.

É a primeira vez que se faz um estudo estabelecendo uma relação entre o número de línguas que um paciente fala e as consequências de um AVC para as funções cognitivas.

“A porcentagem de pacientes com funções cognitivas intactas depois de um AVC representava mais que o dobro em pessoas bilíngues em comparação com aquelas que só falam uma língua”, diz a pesquisa.

“Em contraste, pacientes com disfunções cognitivas eram muito mais comuns entre os que só falavam uma língua.”

Aprender outras línguas é algo que exige uma “ginástica” do cérebro, e vários estudos científicos já mostraram que falar muitos idiomas pode melhorar a atenção e a memória, formando uma “reserva cognitiva” que atrasa o desenvolvimento da demência, por exemplo.

“O bilinguismo faz com que as pessoas mudem de uma língua para outra, então quando eles inativam uma língua, eles precisam ativar a outra para poderem se comunicar”, explicou Thomas Bak, um dos autores do estudo na Universidade de Edimburgo.

“Essa troca oferece um treinamento cerebral praticamente constante , o que pode ser um fator relevante para ajudar na recuperação de um paciente que teve um AVC”, finalizou.



Source: bbc.com

segunda-feira, agosto 15

LEARN PREPOSITION - along with








A frase preposicional "along with (somebody)", significa em português, "junto com (alguém)''.

Exemplos:
* She used to sing along with me. -  Ela costumava cantar junto comigo.
* He always walks to school along with me. -  Ele sempre vai a pé para a escola com seus amigos.

segunda-feira, agosto 8

DO, GO, PLAY - SPORTS AND ACTIVITIES

Verbs: do, play or go with sports and other activities

Pay attention to the table below. There is a list of sports and activities that collocate with the verbs 'do, go, play':




In British English, you can "do sport". In American English you can "play sports".

A typical mistake non-native speakers make is using the verb practise for sports:
*I love practising sport. This should be: I love sport.
*I usually practise sport every evening. This should be: I usually do sport every evening.

However, in American English you can use the verb practise or practice (as it is spelt there) to mean "to train": The team is practicing for tomorrow's competition.

When other words related to sports are used, we may use other verbs:

"What sports do you do?"
"I play tennis".

HOW TO USE THIS VERBS:

PLAY VOLLEYBALL
Go is used with activities and sports that end in -ing. The verb go here implies that we go somewhere to practice this sport: go swimming. 
GO SWIMMING


Do is used with recreational activities and with individual, non-team sports or sports in which a ball is not used, like martial arts, for example: do a crossword puzzle, do athletics, do karate. 
DO AEROBICS


Play is generally used with team sports and those sports that need a ball or similar object (puck, disc, shuttlecock...). Also, those activities in which two people or teams compete against each other: play football, play poker, play chess.






Some exceptions:

*You use do with three activities that end in -ing: do boxing, do body-building and do weight-lifting, because they don´t imply moving along as the other activities ending in -ing.

*Golf: if there is an idea of competition, you use the verb play. However, you can say go golfing if you do it for pleasure: Tiger Woods plays golf. We'll go golfing at the weekend.

ENGLISH AT WORK BBC - EPISODE 2 - THE INTERRUPTION


ENGLISH AT WORK - EPISODE 2 - THE INTERRUPTION








Tip Top Trading é a empresa que mais cresce no sector de frutas de plástico, e Anna quer desesperadamente fazer parte dela. Sua entrevista de emprego para uma posição em vendas vai ser um desafio. Como ela vai se sair? Acompanhe o segundo episódio, da série ENGLISH AT WORK da BBC Learning English.

Tip Top Trading is the fastest-growing company in the plastic fruit sector, and Anna desperately wants to be a part of it. Her job interview for a position in sales is going to be a challenge. How will she cope?


Anna's job interview continues. But with all the pressure and stress, she has frozen mid-sentence, unable to find the right word in English for what she wants to say.


Structuring answers

The programme looks at useful phrases for structuring answers in a job interview.


Phrases from the programme:

Firstly, this job is an ideal match for my skills and experience.
Secondly,...
Above all, the reason I want this job is...


Listening Challenge

What word is Anna struggling to remember that means being very enthusiastic and wanting very much to succeed?

The answer is at the bottom of the transcript below:

Transcript

Narrator
Hello! Welcome back to the offices of Tip Top Trading, where Anna's interview for a sales job continues. When we last said goodbye, Tip Top boss Paul had asked Anna why she wanted the job. First she said:

Anna
Errr... mmmmm...

Narrator
Since then, she's added:

Anna
Mmmm... errr...

Narrator
And as we join her again, Anna is saying:

Anna
Well, errrr... I'm errr.

Narrator
Come on, Anna! If you can't think of the word you need, find another way of saying it.

Anna
I am... Well, I really, really want this job and I am willing to work very hard if I get it.

Paul
So you’re very motivated, then?

Anna
Motivated! Yes, that’s it. I am really motivated.

Paul
Good! Why?

Narrator
Now over to you Anna; structure your answer! Say, 'firstly', then give your first reason, 'secondly' and then a second reason. Then say, 'above all' and give a really, really good, enthusiastic final reason! Go for it: firstly!

Anna
Firstly!

Paul
Firstly...?

Anna
Firstly, this job is an ideal match for my skills and experience: I've spent several years working in sales and I get on with people easily. Well, I mean, apart from the ones I don't like, of course. Secondly, I know Tip Top Trading is one of the fastest-growing companies in London, and I want to be part of that.

Paul
That's absolutely right. Tip Top Trading is the fastest-growing company in the plastic fruit sector. But enough about the company; this is all about you, Annabel.

Anna
Anna.

Paul
Sorry, Anna. Where were we?

Anna
Well, I said that firstly, this job is an ideal match for my skills and experience, secondly, the company is growing fast... and… and… above all… the reason I want this job is…

Paul
Yes? (knock on the door) Denise! Is everything alright?

Denise
No Paul, it’s not. Everything is not OK!

Paul
You look pale. Here, sit down, drink what's left of my tea.

Denise
Oh, thank you! Oh… what are those bits floating in it?

Paul
Oh they're just lumps of soggy biscuit. In fact, if I can just... get that bit out... with my finger... for you… Mmm, delicious! Now, tell me what happened.

Denise
Well, it's terrible...

Narrator
Oh dear! Just as Anna was doing really well, it looks like her interview has come to a sudden end. What’s happened? Join us next time to find out. But before we go, here's a reminder of how Anna structured her response:

Firstly, this job is an ideal match for my skills and experience
Secondly, I know Tip Top Trading is one of the fastest-growing companiesin London and…
above all… the reason I want this job is…

Anna couldn’t remember the word ‘motivated’, so she just found another way of saying what she meant.

I really, really want the job and I am willing to work very hard if I get it.
Nice work, Anna! Let's hope you get the chance to finish your interview next week!

Listening Challenge - Answer

What word is Anna struggling to remember that means being very enthusiastic
and wanting very much to succeed?
Motivated.







quarta-feira, julho 27

Idiomatic Expressions. (ALL) GREAT MINDS RUN IN THE SAME CHANNEL




. (all) great minds run in the same channel

Pessoas sábias ou inteligentes tendem a ter as mesmas idéias ou pensar de maneira similar. Muitas vezes usadas com humor sobre pensamentos banais que ocorrem simultaneamente entre duas ou mais pessoas. Oh, you wanted to see the same film as me?  (você queria ver o mesmo filme que eu?) All great minds run in the same channel. I guess!


Fonte: Idioms by the Free Dictionary by FARLEX