MODAL VERBS - CAN, MAY, MIGHT, COULD

Gramática: Modal verbs: CAN, MAY, MIGHT, COULD
.
A: I see it’s raining again.
B: Yes, but it’s still early. It [can] may/might/could clear up later.
A: I was planning to go to the sea.
B: Well, the weather [couldn’t] may not/might not be so bad down there. It’s often better on the coast.
A: Yes. Actually, if I go, could I borrow your new camera?
B: Yes, you [could] can/may. But be careful with it, please.
Obs. os modal entre aspas [--] não é possivel o uso deles nestas declarações.
Expressar permissão
• can ou may são usados para formular um pedido polido ou dar/negar permissão. May é mais formal do que can.
Can/May I open the window, please? – Yes, of course you can/may. / No, I’m sorry, you can’t/may not.
You wanted to borrow my printer. OK, you can/may.

• could pode ser usado em pedidos, mas não é usado para dar/negar permissão.
Could I look at your map, please? – Yes, you can/may (could).
I’m sorry, but you can’t (couldn’t) park here. This is private.
Expressar possibilidade e incerteza
• may/might/could (mas não can) expressam que algo é/será possivelmente o caso.
A: The phone’s ringing.
B: It may/might/could (can) be for me. I’m expecting a call. [Esta ligação pode/poderia ser para mim...]
A: How much will the repair cost?
B: I don’t know. But it may/might/could (can) be quite expensive. [Isso pode/poderá ser bastante caro.]
• may/might not (não can’t/couldn’t) expressa que algo possivelmente não é o caso.
A: The phone is ringing. Aren’t you going to anwer it?
B: It may/might not be for me. Perhaps it’s for you. [= É possível que a ligação não seja para mim.]
• Mas:
A: Look, the postman’s coming with a big parcel. Are you expecting something?
B: No, it can’t/couldn’t be for me. I’m not expecting anything. [= É impossível que o pacote seja para mim.]
RESUMO
• Pedir licença/permissão (“posso?”): can…?, may…?, ou could…?
• Dar e negar uma permissão (“você pode/não pode”): can(‘t), may (not), mas não could (not)
• “isto é possivelmente o caso / é possível”: may, might, could; mas não can
• “isto, possivelmente, não é o caso / é possível que isto não seja o caso”: may not, might not; mas não can’t, couldn’t
Referência: “Grammar – No problem” – Christine House e John Stevens, Disal Editora, 2005.

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